A DERMATOLOGICAL VIEW
suppressed SLS-ICD.
Tannic acid barrier protection:
Shimizu and Maibach evaluated the
barrier protectant tannic acid on
human subjects utilizing squamometry.
Either 5% tannic acid or distilled water
(control) were applied to the forearms
of subjects for 30 min; these pretreated
sites were then dosed with 0.25%, 0.5%
or 1% of SLS for 24 hr. Squamometric
evaluation indicated that skin damage
increased with SLS concentration in a
dose-dependent manner, and tannic
acid significantly reduced the damage.
Dimethicone/glycerin skin protectant: Patterson et al. determined the
preventive effect of a skin protectant
containing dimethicone and glycerin
with various inactive ingredients in an
aerosol foam against SLS-induced ICD
and urushiol-induced ACD (poison
ivy and poison oak). Skin reaction
was assessed periodically for 10 days
using a 0–7 point dermatitis scale. The
formulation was significantly effective
in reducing SLS irritation but did not
prevent urushiol-ACD.
Hydrogel vs. petrolatum cream:
Draelos conducted a randomized,
double-blind, split-body study in a total
of 80 men, women and children between
the ages of newborn and 80 with the
following dermatological conditions:
household dermatitis, occupational
hand dermatitis, latex glove-induced
ICD, diaper dermatitis, cutaneous
wounds and ACD. The subjects were
given two identical jars—one containing a petrolatum-based cream and the
other, a hydrogel-based barrier repair
cream—and were instructed to apply
one cream to half of their bodies and
the other cream to the other half for four
weeks. Both subject and investigator
assessments were recorded by questionnaire. The hydrogel barrier/repair cream
showed better skin improvement than
the petrolatum-based cream in both
subject assessment and investigator
assessment.
Dimethicone ICD protection: Zhai
et al. evaluated the efficacy of a dimethicone skin protectant lotion against
SLS-induced ICD in humans with
clinical visual grading and bioengineering techniques. Both forearms were
pretreated either with the protectant test
lotion or with its vehicle control prior
to contact with SLS. After 30 min, 0.5%
SLS was applied to each pretreated site
for 24 hr. One additional site received
SLS only. The protective effect of the
dimethicone-lotion was determined
by visual scoring (VS), TEWL measurement, skin color (a* value) and
cutaneous blood flow volume (BFV).
VS and TEWL data showed a significant
decrease on the lotion-pretreated site
in comparison with the SLS-treated site
and the vehicle control site. However,
BFV and a* values did not show a statistical difference between treated sites.
All PFPE preparations
significantly suppressed
irritation caused by
SLS and NaOH.
BC protection for hospital use:
Berndt et al. investigated the efficacy of
a BC and its vehicle in a field setting: two
panels of 25 hospital nurses with mild
signs of skin irritation were instructed
to use one of the test products, BC or
its vehicle, before contact with skin
irritants over the course of four weeks.
Effects of both preparations were studied
weekly by clinical examination and bioengineering measurements. Results
showed no significant differences
between BC and its vehicle. In both
groups, clinical skin status improved and
stratum corneum hydration increased
significantly. Researchers concluded
that the vehicle alone was capable of
positively influencing skin status.
ROIT skin protective evaluation:
Schnetz et al. utilized a short-time,
repeated occlusive irritation test (ROIT)
via a standardized protocol to evaluate
skin protective products in two phases—
i.e., 12 days and 5 days—in several clinical
centers. Skin was treated by the irritants
0.5% SLS and toluene twice daily for
30 min. Inflammation was measured by
bioengineering methods (TEWL and
colorimetry) and clinical scoring. The
5-day protocol was sufficient to achieve
significant results. Furthermore, in spite
of the expected inter-center variations
due to heterogeneity of the individual
threshold of irritation, interpretation
of clinical score and inter-instrumental
variability, the ranking of the vehicles
regarding reduction of the irritant reaction was consistent in all centers.
160 | Cosmetics & Toiletries® magazine www.CosmeticsandToiletries.com
Vol. 126, No. 3/March 2011
